Practice 3: Branching (Conditional Statements)

Guide (Please read!!!)

There are 3 levels of difficulty of practice problems which will help guide you on how you do the assignment.

1. Concept (★☆☆) will help you recheck yourself whether you understood the content.
2. Apply (★★☆) will step up some difficulty where you have to apply several concepts.
3. Technique (★★★) is more challenging.

The problems will state inputs and outputs of the program. Inputs and outputs can be more than one, one each, see examples for more details.

Problems

(★☆☆) 1. Odd-Even

Write a program that checks whether an integer is odd or even.

Input:

1. An integer n

Output:

1. Odd or Even

Examples

Input:  0
-----
Output: Even
=====

Input:  -999999
-----
Output: Odd

(★☆☆) 2. Absolute Value

Write a program that output the absolute value of an input number without using Python’s builtin abs(...) function.

Absolute value is defined by:

Input:

1. A number x

Output:

1. An absolute value of a number x

Examples

Input:  -234324.55
-----
Output: 234324.55

(★☆☆) 3. Divisible? (1. revised)

Write a program that check whether the integer a is divisible by b (b | a) by outputting a Yes or a No.

E.g., 25 is divisible by 5, 36 is not divisible by 7.

Hint: Divisible means that when divides, the remainder is zero, what arithmetic operation finds the remainder?

Input:

1. Non-negative integer a
2. An integer b

Output:

1. Is b	a?: Yes or No but if b == 0, display Zero Division

Examples

Input:  45
        9
-----
Output: Yes
=====

Input:  45
        7
-----
Output: No

(★☆☆) 4. BMI (revised)

Write a BMI calculator program which prompt user to input their height and weight.

First, the program will ask the user “Enter your height in meters: “.

Second, the program will ask the user “Enter your weight in kg: “.

Then, the program will show “Your BMI is: “ followed by BMI index.

The BMI of a person can be calculated using formula weight / (height ** 2)

Then, the program shall input whether the user is underweight, normal, overweight, or obese.

Ranges of BMI values corresponding to result

Input:

1. Height in meters
2. Weight in kg

Output:

1. BMI Index (2 decimal points: use builtin round(number, dec))
2. Result of BMI calculation

Examples

Input:  1.76
        55.62
-----
Output: 17.96
        Underweight

(★☆☆) 5. Attendance Check

Write a program that check whether the student is allowed to sit in exam based on percentage of attendance of that student.

If student attend x classes out of y classes, the student can sit in the exam if and only if x / y >= 75%

Input:

1. Number of classes student attend x
2. Number of classes in total y

Output:

1. Yes or No

Examples

Input:  5
        7
-----
Output: No
=====

Input:  8
        10
-----
Output: Yes

(★☆☆) 6. Attendance Check but I’m sick!

Modify Question 5. to allow the student to sit in the exam if they have medical causes.

Input:

1. Does student have medical causes? Input Yes or No
2. Number of classes student attend x
3. Number of classes in total y

Output:

1. Yes or No

Examples

Input:  Yes
        5
        7
-----
Output: Yes
=====

Input:  No
        8
        10
-----
Output: Yes

(★☆☆) 7. Grading

In most schools and institutions, grade is calculated by classifying ranges of score. Write a program that calculate the grade of the user based on their score out of 100.

Grading Criteria

Input:

1. Score in number format a

Output:

1. Letter grade according to the criteria

Examples

Input:  59.5
-----
Output: D

Tips: Floor the input into integer first (See floor(...)).

(★☆☆) 9. Life without max(...)

Write a function that find the maximum of two numbers without using builtin max(...) function.

Template (copy and fill code)

# Your code begin
def f(x, y):
    ...
# Your code end

print(f(50, 10))
print(f(10, 50))
print(f(10, 10))

Input:

1. None

Output:

1. None

Examples

Input:  -
-----
Output: 50
        50
        10

(★☆☆) 10. Life without max(...) with a catch

Write a function that find the maximum of two numbers without using builtin max(...) function.

Maximum means “Magnitude” of the Numbers If the magnitudes of two numbers are equal, display the positive number.

Template (copy and fill code)

# Your code begin
def f(x, y):
    ...
# Your code end

print(f(-50, 10))
print(f(-10, -50))
print(f(10, -10))

Input:

1. None

Output:

1. None

Examples

Input:  -
-----
Output: -50
        -50
        10

(★☆☆) 11. Life without max(...) with catchES

Write a function that find the maximum of three numbers without using builtin max(...) function.

Template (copy and fill code)

# Your code begin
def f(x, y, z):
    ...
# Your code end

print(f(-50, 10, 30))
print(f(-10, 40, 9))
print(f(10, -10, 0))

Input:

1. None

Output:

1. None

Examples

Input:  -
-----
Output: 30
        40
        10

(★★☆) 12. Odd-Even (revised)

Write a function that check if the input x is even or odd or invalid

The input is valid if it is integer. The input is invalid if it is other than integer, e.g., string, float, etc.

• If it is invalid, output -1.
• If it is even, output 0.
• If it is odd, output 1.

Tips: Try using builtin isinstance(i, int) to check whether i is integer or not.

Template (copy and fill code)

# Your code begin
def f(x):
    ...
# Your code end

print(f(50))
print(f(-99))
print(f('79'))
print(f(33.45))
print(f(33.0))  # Tricky, huh?

Input:

1. None

Output:

1. None

Examples

Input:  -
-----
Output: 0
        1
        -1
        -1
        1

Hint: For the last case or any cases that the input x is float, try x % 1 and see what happens.

(★★★) 13. Leap Year?

Write a program that check whether the year is the leap year.

A leap year is exactly divisible by 4 except for century years (years ending with 00). The century year is a leap year only if it is perfectly divisible by 400.

For example,

• 2017 is not a leap year
• 1900 is a not leap year
• 2012 is a leap year
• 2000 is a leap year

Input:

1. Year year (in A.D. format, e.g., 2020, 2023, …)

Output:

1. year is a leap year or year is not a leap year

Examples

Input:  1904
-----
Output: 1904 is a leap year

(★★★) 14. ATM Machine 1

Write a program that calculate types of banknote that will be output based on amount of money that user inputs.

This ATM has these banknote: 1000, 500, 100, 50, 1

Input:

1. Amount of money in positive integer n

Output:

1. Amount of each banknote (see examples for more details)

Examples

Input:  2670
-----
Output: 1000 -> 2
        500  -> 1
        100  -> 1
        50   -> 1
        1    -> 20
        
Because 1000*2 + 500*1 + 100*1 + 50*1 + 1*20 == 2670.

(★★★) 15. ATM Machine 2

Write a program that calculate types of banknote that will be output based on amount of money that user inputs.

If the machine is unable to output a banknote because it will have residue money, output Invalid to the user.

This ATM has these banknote: 1000, 500, 100

Input:

1. Amount of money in positive integer n

Output:

1. Amount of each banknote (see examples for more details)

Examples

Input:  7900
-----
Output: 1000 -> 7
        500  -> 1
        100  -> 4
=====

Input:  2670
-----
Output: Invalid

Because ATM only has banknote 1000, 500, and 100.
There is residue money amount of 70.